CEST2025

Urban wastewater treatment is an unresolved problem. New technologies, such as constructed wetlands, contribute to the conservation and protection of water bodies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of constructed wetlands to improve the quality of runoff (R) and a eutrophicated urban lagoon (L). For this purpose, four systems consisting of two vertical and two horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSF-L; VSSF-R; HSSF-L; HSSF-R) were operated individually. For (a) saturated VSSF: gravel (0.019-0.025 m) and sand (0.001-0.004 m), (b) saturated HSSF: gravel (0.019-0.025 m) were used. Each unit was planted with Schoenoplectus californicus and used for 100 days. Removal efficiencies for VSSF-L, VSSF-E, HSSF-L, HSSF-E were greater than 63%, 46%, 54% and 60% for ammonia nitrogen (N-NH4+), nitrite nitrogen (N-NO2-), nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3-) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively.